Changing social structure and mobility Essay

Rural gild The village is the oldest stable community of man. All early communities were elementary ally rural in character. Bogardus says, Human hunting lodge has been cradled in the rural group. The rural community is simply means a community that consists of batch living in a limited physical area and who have common interests and common ship canal of satisfying them. Each high decree consists of different parts, such as individuals, groups, institutions, associations, and communities. The simplest analogy single can recall of at this point is that of an organism that has different components perishing together as a whole.Society is a outline like any other system, such as the solar system. The major features of rural society are 1. Small size of village community, 2. Intimate relations, 3. Jajmani System, 4. Isolation, 5. Social homogeneity, 6. Informal Social Control, 7. Dominance of spliff Family, 8. Status of Rural Women, 9. Occupation, 10. Role of neighborhood, 11. Faith in religion, 12. Self Sufficiency, 13. Widespread caste system, 14. Simplicity, 15. Feelings, 16. Fellow feelings, 17. Conservatism, 18. reflexion of moral norms, 19. P everywherety, 20. Illiteracy, 21.Desire for Independence, 22. Dominance of primary relations, 23. Social Homogeneity, 24. Occupations, 25. Preservers of the Ancient culture of the society, 26. Legal Self Government, 27. variety show in the Villages. Urban Society As a result of development in science and technology, in that respect has been industrial development. Due to industrial development there is urbanization as a result of which urban societies created. Every country has its own urban society. Every village possesses some elements of the city while any city carries some feature of the villages.Different criteria are used to decide a community as urban. Some of them are, for example, population, levelheaded limits, types of occupations, social organizations. The city in the words of Louis wirth r efers to a relatively large, dense and permanent settlement of socially heterogeneous individuals. The Major Features of Urban Society are 1. Social Heterogeneity, 2. secondhand Relations, 3. Anonymity, 4. Secondary Control, 5. Large-scale Division of Labour and Specialization, 6. Large-scale social mobility, 7. Individuation, 8. Voluntary Association, 9. Social Reference, 10.Unstable Family, 11. Special Segregation, 12. overlook of community feeling, 13. Lack of unity in family, 14. Moral Laxity, 15. Unbalanced personality, 16. High incidence of crime, 17. Social disorganization, 18. Peculiarities of marital life, 19. Dynamic life, 20. Voluntary associations are formed quickly, 21. Artificial life. Forms of mutation in India Unity implies oneness or a sense of we-ness it holds tightly together the various relationships of ethnic groups or institutions in a dovetailed way through the bonds of contrived structures, norms and values.The sources of diversity in India whitethorn b e traced through a variety of ways, the close to obvious being the ethnic origins, religions, castes, tribes, lyric poems, social customs, cultural and sub cultural beliefs, political philosophies and ideologies, geographical variations etcetera A. Linguistic diversity The high degree of large diversity found in India is due to the origination of diverse population groups. The greatest variety in languages can be found in the one of the biggest democracies in the earthly concern. Most of these languages are distinct and have their own distinct form of writing and speech.The mental lexicon defines Diversity, as variety or different. Languages are defined as a system of unconditional vocal symbols used for human communication. In India, the tribal communities are dinkyest in geographical spread and in population strength. They cover only 8. 8% (1991census) of the Indian population. Not only we should consider linguistic diversity as a resource of human kind but also should conc eive both the exacerbate in the number of languages and the emerging trend in having mono linguistic dominance over small languages as a threat to our plural existence.It is to be accepted that even in the very ecologic sense, like bio-diversity, linguistic diversity should also need to maintain. Post-Independence Period After India obtained its independence, policies had to be formulated for the brass section of the newly born nation. While forming the constitution of India, the leaders of the nation had to come up with a field of study language. They decided on Hindi as the national language and the use of English for official purposes. The bring out situation though the situation has improved from the early fifties, there has not been a significant development.India however faces the problems due to the diversity in languages. One of the foremost problems is the lack of a unified language system. Though a national language was chosen among the 114 officially recognized lang uages and 216 (Census of 1991) mother tongues in India, only 28% of the populations speak this language. People in India have a sense of belonging to a particular language speaking community rather that the nation as a whole. B. Religious diversity Religion is a major concern of man. Religion is universal, permanent, pervasive and perennial interests of man. The institution of religion is universal.It is found in all the societies, past and present. Religious beliefs and practices are, however, far from being uniform. Religious dogmas have make up ones mindd and conditioned economic endeavors, political movements, correctly dealings, and developmental tasks. The major religions in India are following Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Jainism, Christianity, Islam, Parsi, The basic ideas and faith of the each religion differs. solely they co existently stood in Indian society. The preamble of the Constitution of India proclaims India to be a secular republic where citizens may take ove rly worship and propagate any religion of their choice.The right to freedom of religion is also stated as a fundamental right by the Constitution of India. Indian religions have exerted significant influence all over the world. PART II FAMILY, MARRIAGE AND KINSHIP Family in Indian Society The family is the basic unit of society. It is the first and the most immediate social environment to which a child is exposed. It is in the family a child learns language, the behavioral Patterns and social norms in his childhood. In some way or the other the family is a universal group. It exists in tribal, rural and urban communities and among the followers of all religions and cultures.It provides the most enduring relationship in one form or other. From the moment of birth to the moment of death the family exerts a constant influence. In spite of the universal and permanent nature of the family one can also see vast oddment in its structure in different societies. In tribal and agrarian soci eties people of several generations sustain together. These societies have large and joint families. In the industrial society the family is limited to husband, wife and their children. Sociologist calls it a nuclear family. The family is formed with number of members.These members live together. They have a home. They have definite purposes in living together. In this sense the family in a group. There is certain rules and procedures at the roots of the family. In this sense the family in an institution. Factors abnormal the family A) The consanguine Family declines The consanguineous or joint family tended to disappear especially in the western world and conjugal or nuclear family has become predominant with the increasing urbanization and industrialization people are less subject to Parental control which lessens social control.Women have attained a new legal status in which there is less discrimination between them and men. B). Increasing Rate of part Divorce is the most obvi ous symptom of family disintegration. Economic freedom, new life style, new idealities together creates an idea of free life. The traditional joint family system in India has under gone vast changes. They have definitely affected its structure and functions. Milton singer has identified most there are Education, Industrialization, Urbanization, changes in the institution of marriage. C. Influence of educationModern education affected joint family in several ways. It has brought about a change in the attitude, beliefs, values and ideologies of the people. Education which is spreading even amongst the females has created and aroused the individualistic feelings. The increasing education not only brings changes in the philosophy of life of men and women, but also provides new opportunities of employment to the women. After fit economically independent, women demand more freedom in family affairs. They refuse to accept anybodys domination over them. Education in this way brings changes in relations in the family.D. Impact of Industrialization New system of production based on factory and new joint families have disintegrated considerably. 2. The impact of Economic and proficient changes Industrial development and application of new advanced techniques reduced the economic functions of family. The technological changes took both the work and workers out of the home. E. Changes in the puzzle of women The chief factor causing changes in the position of women in our society lie in her changing economic role. New economic rule provided a new position in society and especially in their relation to men.