Using an Advertising Agency for British Airways :: Business Management Studies

Advertisers (BA) such as the client of an agency and agencies forexample media-buying as well as advertising swear out provider reviewtheir methods of remuneration for different reasons Advertisers such as BA want to be sure they are getting look upon fortheir money this means in other words that BA wants to be sure thatthe service that they want to promotes gets beaver possible serviceswithout the agency charging them everywhere expensive bills. Agencies and media buying services want to be profitable so theyremain viable for an agency their main source of income is fromproviding advertisement services that line of descent shadower purchase.By looking at the clients point of view and the agencies there is aclear underline that in some cases these two above issues can lead todisagreements, but this can be avoided through negotiating before anywork is carried out by the agencies like for example negotiatingpayments, services etc. Advantages one and only(a) of the main advantag es of an agency would be that some agencywould execute and develop an entire advanceal campaign from scratchto completion, the agency does this through relating the clients (BA)needs with the promotion campaign of the service of BA this enablesthe client to be assured that its needs are met. An agency also takes a good part of developing and preparation media sothat the clients (BA) promotional campaign of their services getsmaximum communication effectiveness, this means in other words that anagency would do its best to promote the clients service advertisementto get awareness of BAs target audiences. Once the media plan is in place, the advertiser such as in this caseBA knows what they will be paying their agency and the agency knowswhat it will be receiving. Putting pressure on an agency to keep its costs reasonably is thebest method of making sure that the agency gets carried away with theclients money to advertise. An agency offers to its clients creativity this means new way s oflooking at advertising this could admirer because a company like BA afterso many years of advertising could loose its advertising appeal, thisis where advertising agencies are a call contributor because they offernever ending creativity. An agency contributes to a company new and innovative ideas to functionthem to get their promotion campaign an effective skirt to attractcustomers. The advantages of using and agency would be the certainty of gettinginformation such as market research for BAs services to help them tobenefit from, this means in other words after the contribution of the

Blacks and Whites in Movies Essay -- essays research papers

The object of this paper is to portray the role of African Americans and Whites in modern contemporary films. It is evident that there has been a great get of effort in the integration of black people into American caller. The issue Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) has strived to undo the ties of segregation and disenfranchisement of African Americans. The NAACP has use several strategies to overturn segregation rules and obtain suffrage for black citizens. With the macrocosm of the Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s, the motto We shall overcome served as inspiration for the interlocking against segregation. Although much effort has been do to integrate black people into society over the eld, there still exists significant segregation with respect to roles in social movement pictures and modern film. However, great advancements have been made in recent years to overcome this struggle to equally include African Americans in the wealth and success of the media culture. With the recent surge of technological advancement and media industry, the black role has concurrently advanced. The African American history of struggle, misrepresentation, and segregation has been the theme of many modern movies, music, and goggle box shows. African Americans are taking advantage of this opportunity to represent the African American culture, even though it serves to explain their historical oppression and misfortune and non of their success and well-being. They are turning a negative history into a positive career and future. Approximately eighty years ago, it was only a judgement that African Americans should indeed make movies and appear in the big essay alongside white actors and actresses. Today this dream is now reality. The road to making drift pictures with the inclusion of African Americans has been evolutionary on all levels with lots of plain changes. The movie industry has suit more willing to produce new themes and films feat uring African Americans as stars. The advancement of African Americans in the movie industry has become evident with their recent accolades in film roles and production. The Oscars present a golden figurine to a person in recognition of their achievements in the filmmaking industry. History was made in 2001 when African Americans won in both the go around Actor and Best Actress categ... ...bspTrain- white lady stares at them- sara and Derek purposely make a image for a reactionSara ends it with Derek Sara makes JulliardHappy ending with Sara and DerekGuess Who- Kevin Rodney Sulliven- 2005Ashton Kutcher- SimonBernie Mac- PercyZoe Saldana- TheresaJudith Scott- MarilynSimon white, Theresa- black, engagedCranford- NJ- meet the parents turn int know that Simon is whiteConfuse black taxi safarir and simonShocked- Percy doesnt like himTheresa tries to talk to the mom about itPercy shares bed with SimonRacial statementsPercy and Simon drive women awayHelp each other-begin a relationship Happy ending. Blacks and Whites in Movies Essay -- essays research papers The object of this paper is to portray the role of African Americans and Whites in modern contemporary films. It is evident that there has been a great deal of effort in the integration of black people into American society. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) has strived to undo the ties of segregation and disenfranchisement of African Americans. The NAACP has used several strategies to overturn segregation rules and obtain suffrage for black citizens. With the introduction of the Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s, the motto We shall overcome served as inspiration for the fight against segregation. Although much effort has been made to integrate black people into society over the years, there still exists significant segregation with respect to roles in motion pictures and modern film. However, great advancements have been made in recent years to overcome this struggle to equally include African Americans in the wealth and success of the media culture. With the recent surge of technological advancement and media industry, the black role has simultaneously advanced. The African American history of struggle, misrepresentation, and segregation has been the theme of many modern movies, music, and television shows. African Americans are taking advantage of this opportunity to represent the African American culture, even though it serves to explain their historical oppression and misfortune and not of their success and well-being. They are turning a negative history into a positive career and future. Approximately eighty years ago, it was only a thought that African Americans should indeed make movies and appear in the big screen alongside white actors and actresses. Today this dream is now reality. The road to making motion pictures with the inclusion of African Americans has been evolutionary on all levels with lots of observable changes . The movie industry has become more willing to produce new themes and films featuring African Americans as stars. The advancement of African Americans in the movie industry has become evident with their recent accolades in film roles and production. The Oscars present a golden statuette to a person in recognition of their achievements in the filmmaking industry. History was made in 2001 when African Americans won in both the Best Actor and Best Actress categ... ...bspTrain- white lady stares at them- sara and Derek purposely make a scene for a reactionSara ends it with Derek Sara makes JulliardHappy ending with Sara and DerekGuess Who- Kevin Rodney Sulliven- 2005Ashton Kutcher- SimonBernie Mac- PercyZoe Saldana- TheresaJudith Scott- MarilynSimon white, Theresa- black, engagedCranford- NJ- meet the parentsDont know that Simon is whiteConfuse black taxi device driver and simonShocked- Percy doesnt like himTheresa tries to talk to the mom about itPercy shares bed with SimonRacial sta tementsPercy and Simon drive women awayHelp each other-begin a relationshipHappy ending.

A Worn Path Essay -- essays research papers

A Worn PathA Worn Path is, in my opinion, a very good story. It tells of an old black cleaning lady and the struggles shes had to deal with through with(predicate)out her life. The author names the woman Phoenix after a mythological bird that died and then came back to life through its ashes which makes it immortal. The author makes the woman immortal because she continues to have something to live for, her grandson, whom she apparently considers her biggest gift. The author never says exactly how often the woman makes the journey, but we know shes make it before because the attendants knew who she was when she came in the building. It is a very long trip because the hunter even said that he only goes into town when he is sick, and tells Ph...

Winter Olympics :: essays research papers

Welcome to the 2002 winter Olympics mens bobsledding finals. We have g one and only(a) though many icy events today but one of my personal favorites, bobsledding, is now fixate to rumble. We will be going though three different rounds. All four competitors will race against the clock. The three teams with the low combined time will move on while the last remaining team will be eliminated. They will move on to cardinal more final race which their scores will be combined to receive the metals. On brood one is the Jamaican team coached by Lamar Dabua and is sponsored by the Coconut Canyon. On track two is the two time finalist the U.S.A team looking for that third chance for the gold and is coached by Bob Morin. On track three is a beginning team for Brazil that is coached by Travair Lapidaz which commented that the team feels they atomic number 18 lucky to have gotten this far and are still going to make water this sport fun with a competitive attitude. And on the final track ar e Norways finest bobsledders that are coached by Brillin Concoordz. These teams will be racing downward(a) an icy track at speeds well over 90 mph. All teams have a regulated sled for fair speeds. As we get ready to start we ask all contestants to have a good attitude and good luck to you all. The flag is now rising. And they are off. Down the tasks they go. Now zooming as fast as speeds of lightning. So far it is close. They still have mileage to go. Here they go rounding the biggest and the sharpest corner of them all. From here it looks like the U.S.A team is fore but very close behind is the Jamaican team. The Norway team looks like they are getting off balance. Yes, they are. It looks like they are going to tip. They are We are having paramedics down there right away. Now the three teams that are competing are getting more and more spread apart. With the U.S.A team still in the glide by there is no question that things could go wrong and turn this race around. Speaking of th at, it looks like the all teammates of Norway has successfully gotten out with no broken bone up but Im sure they will be a few cuts and browses. All teams that are still racing will move on and yes, Norway team is eliminated.

Withdrawing Forces from Vietnam Essay -- Vietnam War American History

Withdrawing Forces from Vietnam Ive always said, if you dont go in to win, dont go in at allEither you conduct the conflict with all the assets the United States has at its disposal to bring about a vigorous and successful outcome or you stay out. -Alexander M. Haig JR. The War That Couldnt Be WonBy withdrawing its forces from Vietnam in 1973 did the United States admit defeat? This is an production line that historians and observers have been having for years. Before answering that question however, we must first understand if we ever really had a chance to win the war. The circumstances leading up to the war were pretty much out of the United States control with an obligation to our French allies. With threats of communism taking over Vietnam, many felt that our presence was required to avoid Ho Chi Mihns control. With all of the excitement, many important factors were overlooked such as did the United States have enough troops to postulat e this war, what type of retaliation the Vietnamese would use, and were we ready to fight a sixteen year war? The United States strongly underestimated the power and desire that the North Vietnamese had to go on control and preserve communism.It was thought that the US presence in Vietnam was required to contain the communistic influence from living up to the expectations of the domino Theory. The Domino Theory resulted from the Cold War and stated that if one country was to fall under the communist regime, soon neighboring countries would fall. At the time France was fighting to gain back control of Vietnam as it was beginning to feel resistance from small guerrilla groups known as the Viet Kong, so America saw it as its trading to help out their French allies by giving money and supplying weapons. America believed this was necessary in order to help the French cargo hold control of Vietnam and never fall to Communism. These small Communist guerrilla groups were funded by othe r Communist powers such as China and Russia. If the whole of Vietnam fell to communist rule this could have had an impact on the rest of the world and show that a Communist regime holds more power than the United States Democracy, thus late turning the rest of the world communist. This was just the beginning of the part the US played in Vietnam. Gradually they got dragged further and further into the war and sud... ...m was not rase really supported by the Vietnamese people. How could the United States expect to win a war when nobody wanted the government they had set up? randomness Vietnamese guerillas began to work with the North Vietnamese soldiers to defeat the American supported government and to unify Vietnam. The United States basically turned the Vietnamese that were earlier on their side against them. They became angry that so many of their civilians were being injured and killed and did not want the government set up by the United States to stay in place. With even mor e Vietnamese people against the United States, there was no way that they were going to be able to win this war.In 1975 many trite troops finally came home from Vietnam, defeated. Their efforts did not end communism and left countless numbers of Americans and Vietnamese people dead. The United States weak strategies, the publics anti-war attitude, and the Vietnameses opposition to the government the United States had set up all contributed to the United States defeat in Vietnam. The most tragic part about the Vietnam War was that it took about sixteen years to lose a war that from the beginning we were not going to win.

Withdrawing Forces from Vietnam Essay -- Vietnam War American History

Withdrawing Forces from Vietnam Ive always said, if you mountt go in to win, dont go in at allEither you conduct the conflict with all the assets the United States has at its disposal to bring about a quick and successful outcome or you brook out. -Alexander M. Haig JR. The War That Couldnt Be WonBy withdrawing its forces from Vietnam in 1973 did the United States admit lacing? This is an argument that historians and observers have been having for years. Before answering that question however, we must first understand if we ever really had a chance to win the war. The circumstances hint up to the war were pretty much out of the United States control with an obligation to our French allies. With threats of communism taking over Vietnam, many a(prenominal) felt that our battlefront was needed to avoid Ho Chi Mihns control. With all of the excitement, many important factors were overlooked such as did the United States have enough soldiers t o fight this war, what type of retaliation the Vietnamese would use, and were we ready to fight a sixteen year war? The United States strongly underestimated the power and desire that the uniting Vietnamese had to gain control and preserve communism.It was thought that the US presence in Vietnam was required to contain the communist influence from living up to the expectations of the half mask Theory. The Domino Theory resulted from the Cold War and stated that if one country was to fall under the communist regime, soon neighboring countries would fall. At the time France was flake to gain back control of Vietnam as it was beginning to feel resistance from small guerrilla groups known as the Viet Kong, so America saw it as its duty to help out their French allies by giving money and supplying weapons. America believed this was necessary in order to help the French keep control of Vietnam and never fall to Communism. These small Communist guerrilla groups were funded by other Commu nist powers such as China and Russia. If the whole of Vietnam omit to communist rule this could have had an impact on the rest of the world and show that a Communist regime holds more power than the United States Democracy, consequently slowly turning the rest of the world communist. This was just the beginning of the part the US played in Vietnam. Gradually they got dragged further and further into the war and sud... ...m was not even really supported by the Vietnamese people. How could the United States expect to win a war when nobody wanted the government they had set up? South Vietnamese guerillas began to work with the North Vietnamese soldiers to defeat the American supported government and to unify Vietnam. The United States basically turned the Vietnamese that were before on their side against them. They became angry that so many of their civilians were being injured and killed and did not want the government set up by the United States to stay in place. With even more V ietnamese people against the United States, there was no way that they were going to be able to win this war.In 1975 many tired troops finally came home from Vietnam, defeated. Their efforts did not end communism and left countless numbers of Americans and Vietnamese people dead. The United States weak strategies, the commonplaces anti-war attitude, and the Vietnameses opposition to the government the United States had set up all contributed to the United States defeat in Vietnam. The to the highest degree tragic part about the Vietnam War was that it took about sixteen years to lose a war that from the beginning we were not going to win.

Why Walk

Why walk locomote as a perfect form of exercise. There are definite benefits of go to both your forcible and mental healthfulness. the original zero-emission transport We all know the environment could do with a helping hand, and by swapping your machine for your feet youll be doing just that. walk of life, as well as being whiz of the cheapest ways of getting around, is excessively the smartest for our planet. You wont leave a carbon footprint, just your own. did you know? If we all swapped one car journey a week for walking instead, car traffic levels would thin out by at least 10%We all know we fill to reduce our CO2 emissions. By changing well-nigh of our travel behaviour, we all have the power to contri barelye and act on climate change local anesthetic shops are easy to reach on foot and using them helps to support local business and save food miles Less busy roads pull up stakes give us safer and quieter streets who knows, we may even see more than children play ing outside just like we used to. Its free Theres no special skill, training, or equipment needed all you need is the right footwear Walking is free. Walking doesnt involve bulky and expensive vehicles or dangerous fuel.Walking doesnt pretend excess carbon dioxide or fumes or cause noise pollution Walking is a more efficient use of space 20 times as many people fecal matter move in the same space by walking as in a car Walking and public transport are perfect partners. If we all swapped one car journey a week for walking instead, car traffic levels would reduce by at least 10%. If every car driver in the UK left their car at home once a calendar month and walked for 20 minutes instead, we could save up to 320,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide each year, the same amount produced by 50,000 homes.Car users regularly suffer up to three times as much pollution as pedestrians because they are sitting in traffic in the line of exhaust fumes from the car in front. Walking withal has indirect environmental benefits. The more we walk, the more we take an interest in our surroundings. The more people use parks, green spaces, attractive urban public spaces and the countryside, the more likely it is that money will be spent to preserve, maintain and improve them. Walking helps create better and more prosperous places to live People on foot are likely to spend more at local shops and businesses.More people out walking on the streets helps deter crime and makes places feel safer. to begin with industrialisation took place at that place were some alternatives such as riding animals, horse drawn carriages and water transport, but walking must have been by far the most substantial transport mode. The Roman roads of 2000 years ago were predominantly used by pedestrians. Conflicts between pedestrians and wheeled traffic did occur, however, oddly in urban areas. For example Hass-Klau (1990) mentions that Julius Caesar banned chariots from the streets in Rome between sunrise and sunset to offer space to the pedestrian.Since the nineteenth century the development of railway system and highway systems have led to dramatic changes in travel behaviour towards motorised transport modes. In addition, the bicycle became available as a achievable substitute for the pedestrian. Why Not Walk? Were all good at thinking of reasons why not to get more active, but there are many more reasons why we should. Regular walking improves your general health and reduces your risk of heart disease, some cancers, and Type 2 diabetes. Its also a great way to lose weight, improve your fitness and your mental health and wellbeing.Read more or so the benefits of walking. For those who still arent convinced, here are some answers to the most common excuses I dont have the time. Walking is by far the easiest exercise to fit into a busy lifestyle since you can do it anywhere at a time that suits you. Every minute you spend walking is quality time, rather than sweating on a jammed bu s or train or fuming in a traffic jam. Youll still have to make a little effort to find time, but remember active people live longer and have a healthier old age so think of your walking time as a good investment. I dont know any good places to walk. Sometimes main roads dont feel winning and safe for walkers. But there are plenty of quieter streets, parks, watersides and green spaces even in busy urban areas if you know where to look for them. Read more about finding good places to walk and free walking routes for beginners. I dont feel safe on the streets. Its understandable that people are concerned for their personal safety and security but its a great shame if this stops you enjoying the benefits of walking. If you can, walk with a companion, or read our advice on staying safe. Also, the more people walk, the safer the streets will be. I dont have anyone to walk with. Why not ask your family, friends and colleagues if theyre interested in walking with you? Or try an organi sed programme or led walk. Read more about walking in a group. Where people walk Walking is a common movement in urban transport, as nearly everyone is a pedestrian for part of their trips, but walking as a center of transport is often overlooked walking should not be neglected in these countries as it also is important in connection with other modes. for example, walking from the parking place to the final destination biking to the railway station, etc.

Jealousy and Othello

How does shakespeare explore the theme of authorisation in Othello? In the play Othello, Shakespeare explores through the theme of means. He presents different types of authority such as racial, military, political, sexist, emotional and deception. Shakespeare uses techniques such as characterisation, symbolism, contrast, repetition, dramatic irony and pronouns to help portray the theme of authority. Shakespeare uses characterisation to develop the characters to help express authority in Othello.Othello is seen as the protagonist and tragic hero of the play. He is described as an eloquent and physically powerful figure at the beginning of the play. He uses his experience of fighting in the battlefields to woo Desdemona and to gain her love. She loved me for the dangers I had passed, and I loved her that she did pity them. From this Othello gains authority over Desdemona as she loves him. He is represent as a general who is of military authority over the armies of Venice, but als o as a moor in the eyes of Iago, Brabantio and Roderigo because of his racial colour. Your missy and the Moor are now making the beast with two backs. In spite of his military status, he possesses a free and open nature which Iago uses to his reinforcement to twist Othellos love for Desdemona, which turns his love into an uncontrollable and insane jealousy. Due to Iagos manipulation Othello becomes obsessive and compulsive which adds fire to the jealousy within Othello. Shakespeare portrays Iago as a manipulative and evil person. He is seen as the antagonist of the play.Envy of Cassio, jealousy of Othellos possession of Desdemona, jealous fear that both Othello and Cassio may have cuckolded him and the eonian passion for money and power is what fuels Iagos motivations and leads to Iagos harmful actions. Iago like Othello is motivated by the same envy and jealousy that arouses murderous hatred. Iagos desire for power leads Iago to manipulate and destroy new(prenominal)s reputa tion to gain his own. Iago is highly skilled with words and uses language to gain his power.One such situation is when Iago convinces Cassio to befuddle to get him inebriate which leads to Cassio losing his position as lieutenant which is then given to Iago. Iago uses peoples weaknesses and strengths to control his victims. This creates a sense of authority over them as he can easily manipulate them to do what he wants and to get what he wants. The women in Othello are characterised to have little to no power or authority against the males. This shows a sexiest view of authority.Though Desdemona is the senators daughter and starts off as a strong and independent woman defying her father, near the end she is seen as weak and inconstant and also as a push over as she easily forgives Othello for e trulything he has done therefore showing that Desdemona has little power in her alliance with Othello. Emilia is portrayed as a cynical and worldly woman. Emilia is deeply attached to her mistress, Desdemona, though she tries to grab her husband, Iagos attention and affections by larceny Desdemonas handkerchief and bountiful it to Iago.In the end though Emilia goes up against Iago she is killed for it. Bianca, is a represented as a prostitute who doesnt have whatever power or authority and is abused by Cassio as he doesnt respect her and uses her as a sex toy. The handkerchief plays a very important role in Othello. It symbolises different things to the different characters. For Desdemona the handkerchief is a symbol of Othellos love and for Othello it symbolises marital fidelity as it was his mothers and used it to keep his father faithful to her.By losing the handkerchief and lying about it, Othello sees it as a sign of infidelity and thinks that Desdemona is cheating on him. For Iago, he sees it as an opportunity to use the handkerchief to beguile Othello into believing that Desdemona is unfaithful to him and cheating on him with Cassio who Iago uses as a part of his plan to confirm Othellos uncertainties of Desdemonas infidelity which drives Othello insane with jealousy. The handkerchief is a symbol of fidelity and trust which Iago manipulates to gain power over Othello.Dramatic irony is shown throughout the play. Iago is the main source of dramatic irony for his cunning ways. Iago is depicted as having two faces, one that is for show which is as a loyal soldier and trusting paladin while the other as an evil and sinful man which only the audience knows until the end of the play. Iagos loyalty as a soldier and as a friend is contrasted sharply to his true intention which is to destroy the lives Othello, Cassio and, Roderigo as a bonus, to gain power and money.Such irony includes Othellos trust in Iago, as Othello listens to Iago and does what he says, giving Iago power over him, though the audience knows his true intensions which is to destroy his life and everyone he loves. Cassio is also a victim to manipulation. Iago uses persuasive language to get Cassio drunk which leads Cassio into getting into fight with Roderigo, who Iago also has power over, to get Cassio stripped of his status as lieutenant which goes to Iago.Though Cassio thinks of Iago as a friend who wants to celebrate with him, he is near another civilian towards his plan to gain power. The use of repetition is mainly used by Iago which is used to emphasis and brainwash his victims. Put money in thy purse, is repeatedly said to hypnotise Roderigo into believing that Iago will help him get Desdemona for the price of all his money, but of course this is dramatic irony as the audience knows he is being used by Iago, creating a strong authority over Roderigo.Iago has Roderigo so mesmerised that he convinces him to kill Cassio, as Iago has do him believe that Cassio was also after Desdemonas affections and was competition that had to be eliminated. Villainy, is repeatedly said by Emilia to emphasis the murder of an innocent dame and to create guilt ins ide of Othellos conscience. Shakespeare conjures an Elizabeth racial stereotype which creates a racial authority. Elizabethans were very sensitive to the use of the pronouns such as you and thee, which sent unsnarl social signals.Even though Othello is of high authority, he is not treated with the same respect as the white people because of his racial colour. People such as Iago use thou and thee towards Othello and you and your towards Brabantio. This shows that Iago acknowledges Othello as a superior but has no respect for him as he calls him by thee which implies contempt. The use of pronouns such as you is to a greater extent formal and distant, suggesting respect for a superior. An old black ram is tupping your white ewe, is a racist comment used to describe Othello.Because of the white dominated play in Cyprus, black people such as Othello do not get the same respect as one should get. In conclusion, Shakespeare has expressed many another(prenominal) views of authority in O thello. The use of techniques and structure has helped develop the theme of authority. One of Shakespeares messages of authority in the play is that jealousy can be destructive and powerful and can lead people to do unmentionable deeds. It can lead us into compulsion and obsession and destroy the person that we are.

Response Journal for “The Charmer” by Budge Wilson Essay

Budge Wilsons The Charmer is a remarkable tale of loss, morality, and love. It is the invention of how a young girl comes to realize that her devilishly handsome brother is nothing more than a charmer. It is set in a 1950s Halifax home where Zachary, the narrators brother, repeatedly abuses his privileges and takes advantage of his family.Zack stopms to believe that his looks will help him escape any situation he may find himself in. He uses his sense of humour and charm to pull wires his family and friends. Zack has a way of making those around him feel special, and uses this quality to his advantage. His sister, Winnifred, washes his bike and fetches his baseball glove just to see his flashing Colgate smile and to be called Posie, the dub he has chosen for her to let her know that she has measured up. He is aware that the cake his mother has baked is not meant for him, tho he eats it anyway. He offers an insincere but convincing apology, and she starts to bake another cake. H is family are his willing slaves, and it is only after the tragedy of Lizzies death that they finally begin to see who Zachary really is.Zack is the imperfect model son, but his family is too blinded by love to see his flaws. His fake apologies somehow manage to touch their hearts, and allow them to clear all of his mistakes. Zachary steals money and alcohol from his parents, but manages to get away with it. He gambles and crashes the family car, but goes unpunished. He is the only son, the only brother, the oldest child, but even more than that, he is as the title implies, the charmer.Despite his good looks and charming personality, Zachary does not accomplish anything in life. At twenty-four, he still lives at home, still wolfs down java cakes, and still borrows the family car. He spends his money on his girlfriends and his alcohol, and gambles away what is left of it. He loses job after job, and is becoming, if he is not yet, an alcoholic. Zack has so much offered to him, but f ails to fall in himself to improve his situation. However, he cannot be held entirely responsible for his failures, as his family holds some of the blame. If they had only shown less sympathy, and had seen past his false facade, he would have learned archean on that hecould not charm his way through life.The conclusion of the story is quite ironic, as the narrators daughter displays the very alike(p) deceiving qualities that her brother was famous for. Winnifred describes her daughter, Lizzie, as pretty and mischievous and is aware that Zachary was the same way. She is reminded of the manner in which her parents treated Zachary, and learns from their mistakes. She refuses to allow her daughter to become what Zack has, and punishes her accordingly.To portray the themes of this story, the causality used a number of literary devices such as, allusion, characterization, flashback and paradox. Allusion is clear as the author refers to Zacharys Colgate smile, and to the famous people that Winnifred often sees on television. These stars include Clark Gable, rump Wayne, Kirk Douglas, Steve McQueen, Mick Jagger, John Lennon, Burt Reynolds, and Tyrone Power. Characterization is used to create Zacharys character. The narrator says that her brother is charming, intelligent, and fun, but nevertheless a devil. Others say that he is sensitive, while he thinks he can escape any situation. He interacts with other characters, and uses them to further his own cause.The entire story is based on flashback, since the narrator is recounting the events of her childhood, and finishes the story by speaking of an incident that takes place when she is an adult. The paradox of this story is evident when the mother refers to Zack and says, This is his way of coping. Hes probably suffering more than the anticipate of us. The truth of this statement is highly improbable, since Zack seems to care for no one but himself, and does not even bother to visit his younger sister though he know s she is deathly ill. However, the character may be suffering emotional pain that his actions do not let on.The Charmer presents a timeless, captivating situation, which every endorser can in one way or another, relate to. It is the tale of a sister, who sees her brother for who he is, and not who he pretends to be. It is a tale of a mother who cannot accept that her son is imperfect, and of a father who struggles to see past his own love for his son. Primarily, however, it is the story of one boy who ages into adulthood, yet does not mature, and whohurts his family, yet feels no remorse beyond that which he pretends to.

Cell Phone Advertisement

Cell phones nowadays work become symbol of independence for our spring chicken that mobile phone helps them to burgeon forth their own language and social groups away from the prying eyes of their p arents. It has become Status Symbol or what people say Fashion statement It is a way that people wear their phone in a style, color, cost and features and feel that a phone can enhance their looks. Although mobile phones have capacious been a part of the business community, they are quietly becoming entrenched in personal lives.Cell phones play a crucial role in relationships among a group of young people, Mobile phones as well as influence the trend toward relaxing the traditional amount of contact permitted before marriage. Cell phone is also in the use of people who are working 24/7 environment and always remain on the go. It is solitude and not mobility that matters. Most youth have cell phone conversations in their bedroom. Lets have a look on few needs of new breed (Youth) t hat have been forcing them to get wedded to this cell phone night packages, the need to eviscerate their identity and to build social and emotional ties.The shrinking size of present day families explain why the youth today feel the need to communicate with virtual brothers and sisters. Youngsters have been using cell phones to form friendships and social groups away from their families, feeling that these phones give them privacy that they would not otherwise have. As cell phone use becomes pull down more(prenominal) widespread, communication between parents and their kids may become even more impersonal. The utter romance is in the air appears to be true. In todays world, it is mobile phones which are carrying the messages of love.Youngsters are using mobile phones to maintain personal and sentimentalist relationships. Grabbing our new generation, these free night packages go provided by our Cellular Companies have become a great pleasure/encouragement to people like who ar ent responsible at totally, it seems they are announced to spoil the future of our youth, just give it a thought which kind a people profit these services and what they do? Whole night they spent in useless, ungraceful conversation its all beyond morals. The immature generation has become addicted to avail these kind a packages.These kind portable platform providers are taking away our youth from family/Cultural/Traditional/Religious values, they dont even care about their health though they know how these RF radiation would be harmful as for as continuous use is concerned. The Cellular Companies should make some standards so they can provide such services which can be of use to make the youths future bright and should consider the social pertain before announcing any such service, they should offer some M-Learning (Mobile Learning) services they are behind the race of announcing free night packages, low rates for one modified number.No doubt most of the parents are equally resp onsible for this attitude in our new generation, in previous era what kind of environment we have had at homes -sitting together in TV-Lounges , One time/place to sit and eat together no friends/outings in late night, but this fast smell where people are to avail luxurious lifestyle parents themselves arrange separate rooms equipped with individual TV, personal Computer with high speed net profit connection and a latest model of any famous brand of Mobile handset though its of no use to them at around sure age , yup parents are equally responsible they should be responsible they should keep eye on their childrens activities, what kind a friends they are making how they are progressing academically how they are spending time.The youth is less responsible than their parents is what I think, they are availing what they have in their access and they have no one everyplace them to restrict or make them understand what is good to go for and what is wrong to avail. The generation gap b etween parents and childrens is not the main issue because its more than the gap, its about basics of raising good children. True that bad habits or friendships existed before this direct and private source of communication too but its all starts right from your basic education that our youth is getting at Home. So the message goes to parents make your kids to avail good morals and talk to them on every matter to give them better understandings of what is right and what is wrong.

Evidence Informed Decision Making Report Essay

IntroductionThis paper leave behind discuss suffer trade, the military capability of saline versus piss system when cleaning wounds, and the go through of patients undergoing yearn term wound cope. The purpose of this report is to demonstrate understanding of grounds informed decision making, re inquisitionable questions, inquisitive the available assure and research designs.BackgroundWebsters Dictionary by Guralnik (1970) defines a wound as an injury, especially one in which the skin or another external surface is torn, pierced, cut, or otherwise broken. Wounds seat be acquired from accidents or from medical procedures such as operations or surgeries. Anytime a patient acquires a wound, the care given to the person and at the site of injury is an essential part in the healing process. Proper wound care can prevent further complications, transmittals, and preserve function. It involves cleaning, examining and bandaging.Wound cleansing or irrigation the steady flow of a consequence across an open wound surface to attain wound hydration, remove debris, and to assist with the visual assessment. The irrigation solution is meant to remove cellular debris and surface pathogens contained in wound exudates or residue from topically use products. Cleansing methods whitethorn differ between individual health care providers, institutions, or facilities but the irrigation solution chosen can feel a momentous impact on healing outcomes and therefore should be chosen carefully with supporting evidence.Quantitative Study DesignThe vignette design that provides the highest level of evidence to answer the place quantitative PICO question is a Randomized Control Trial (RCT). According to McMaster School of Nursing (N.D), a RCT involves individuals who do not have the outcome of interest in mind and are randomly allocated to receive the intervention or standard of care or conventional treatment (comparison group), or no intervention (control group) and follow ed forward in time to determine whether they experience the outcome of interest.This design was chosen because its strengths involve gold standard to test the effectives of a treatment/intervention, and decreased bias through random allocation according to McMaster University School of Nursing (N.D). Random allocation of participants within the experi psychological group is favourite(a) as unbiased results can be achieved and which prevents the data from universe skewed. Specifically in this case, if patients know their wounds are being studied for the outcome of infections, personal behaviors or hygiene techniques could be altered during this time, which may influence the results.qualitative Study DesignA phenomenological study design is most appropriate to answer the identified qualitative study question because it explores the lived experiences of people which are subjective according to McMaster University School of Nursing (N.D). In this case, phenomenological studies fit bes t as the answer being sought is the experience for wounded patients under going wound care.Literature SearchQuantitative SearchA Summaries level study was found called speck nursing resource wound preparation from the National Guideline Clearinghouse database. The Summaries level is found at the top of the 6S hierarchy pyramid of pre-processed evidence. A summary study was used because it was the first level to be explored and provided the highest level of evidence to fully answer the quantitative PICO question. Furthermore, when a relevant Summaries level study is found, there is no need to go further down the pyramid as the Summaries level contains essentially a summary of the information available at the lower levels. Regarding my research strategy, I first started looking at the RNAO Best Practice Guidelines. I began browsing by topics, however a topic on wound care was not available.I proceeded to use the manual search bar where I intentionally used a broad search term of woun d care with the quotations around it. This only yielded only one result, which was not relative to answering my question. I thought that even if I used a more circumstantial search request, I would not find any different results as even the broadest term yielded nothing helpful. From there, I moved onto the National Clearinghouse Guideline database. This is where I found my first relevant study called Emergency nursing resource wound preparation. I found that using asterisks, quotation marks, and capitalized ANDs helped me be successful in finding the research I needed.Also using different combination of search terms and synonyms, I was able to refine my search to the signalise where I found my first relevant study. The exact terminology I used was wound prep* AND water AND saline. This generated two results, which was beneficial as the results were focused and specific to what I was searching for. I found another summaries level study from the DynaMed database called Laceration Management. I was able to find this study on my first try using the term wound irriga*. Because irrigation could refer to either water or saline, I found it more effective to use the sink of irrigation as it yielded better results. Please see Appendix A for a copy of the search history.Qualitative SearchWhen conducting a search for my qualitative question, I first started at the Synopsis of Single Studies level of the 6S pyramid. I searched three databases from this level including Evidence-Based Nursing, Evidence-Based Healthcare and Public Health, and Evidence-Based Medicine. Unfortunately I was unable to find a phenomenological study to accurately answer my qualitative question for patients undergoing wound care. Since none of these databases had what I was looking for, I moved onto the next level of the 6S pyramid, which was Single Studies. I was much more successful here. The first database I checked was CINAHL. Using the entry of (MH Phenomenological Research AND wound care) I retrieved twenty results. From the list of results, I found two appropriate phenomenological studies, which accurately answered my qualitative question.I can say with ease that I did not experience difficulty when conducting a search for this material. I found following the suggestions and guidelines that the EIDM module provided from the McMaster University School of Nursing was extremely helpful in successfully finding relevant research in a timely manor. Please see Appendix B for a copy of the search history.DiscussionQuantitative Study DiscussionFor the quantitative discussion, there will be two articles addressed which will answer the following question In patients requiring wound care, does tap water compared to normal saline reduce the figure of infection incidents? The first credible resource is titled Emergency nursing wound preparation. It is a guideline intended for nurses and doctors with the best recommendations for practice with evidence to support it. The objective of the guideline is to evaluate what method of wound preparation is most effective for promoting wound healing and trim judge of infection for patients in the with acute lacerations. The interventions considered were portable tap water versus normal saline. Pooled data from the studies within the review identified a 37% reduction in the rate of infection in wounds cleansed with tap water compared to wounds cleansed with normal saline.Data from one study showed a significantly higher rate of infection in the group that acquire normal saline however, this could have been attributed to difference in the temperature of the irrigation solution (National Guideline Clearinghouse, 2012). The overall recommendation based upon the supporting evidence is that potable tap water is equivalent and may be superior to normal saline for laceration cleansing and irrigation in patients across the lifespan to promote wound healing and decrease rates of infection (National Guideline Clearinghouse, 2 012). This evidence answers the quantitative questions clearly and concisely by alluding to the fact tap water is equivalent to normal saline in reducing infection rate in wounded patients.The next Summaries level study that will be discussed is called Laceration Management (DynaMed, 2008). Here we see that based on 715 randomised trails of acute laceration cleansing, patients received either tap water or normal saline solution. Based on the 634 follow up cases 4% tap water versus 3.3% saline group had wound infections. Furthermore, in this review, findings show that warmed saline was preferred over room temperature saline.So again we see the factor of temperature of the irrigation solution being considered as it plays a role in infection rate, similarly to the study findings discussed above. The overall bottom line of the review states, tap water irrigation may not increase infection rate compared to sterile saline for simple lacerations (DynaMed, 2008). This evidence therefore co mpliments the answer to quantitative question discussed above as again we see little to no difference in infection rates with tap water compared to normal saline in wound care.Qualitative Study DiscussionThere are two phenomenologic studies used to address the following qualitative question What is the experience for wounded patients under going long term wound care? The first study is called The Lived Experience A Chronic Wound A Phenomenologic Study (Beitz, & Goldberg, 2005). The methods used to obtain the data were interviews with open-ended questions and a brief questionnaire. The most commonplacely expressed concerns were grouped into the following themes pain, mobility, freedom, and wound status. The constant experience of pain made life uncomfortable, mobility limitations decreased license and freedom, and lastly lack of knowledge regarding wound status increased uncertainty, feelings of frustration, and decreased life quality (Beitz & Goldberg, 2005). The identified themes explicitly answer the qualitative question regarding experience of undergoing long term wound care.The second study is called A forever healing The lived experience of venous ulcer disease and it explores the life experiences of having a chronic wound from a patients perspective. Similarly to the Chronic Wound study discussed above, an interview method consisting of open-ended questions was used to collect data. Four common themes emerged from the analysis of experiences, which include a forever healing process, limits and accommodations, powerlessness, and who cares? (Chase, Melloni, Savage, 1997).The healing process for these patients with leg ulcers never ends as continual protection, attention and care is required, which is a visual modality of responsibility and commitment. Furthermore, the implications of the ulcers often left clients with decreased mobility and activity. The long-term duration of these circumstances in conjunction with the functionality loss led to a sens e of powerlessness and hopeless. in the end clients admitted to developing a who cares? attitude toward their condition (Chase et al 1997). These common life experience themes identified within this study provides a view into the experiences of having a chronic wound, which answers the qualitative question.ConclusionIn summary, both Summaries level studies conclude the same answer that tap water does not increase rate of infection in wound irrigation compared to saline solution. Solution temperature plays a role in wound healing and should be considered when preparing to cleanse. From a qualitative perspective, wounds can have major implications on life quality. As health care providers, the phenomenologic knowledge regarding living with a chronic wound is invaluable. It not only grants us the ability to better infer with clients undergoing similar circumstances, but allows us to provide better care by helping persons cope and adapt to chronic wounds in healthy, positive slipway (Beitz, & Goldberg, 2005).The ways in which nurses can minimize negative components of chronic wounds include assessing pain frequently, working with physical therapists to optimize mobility and freedom, and lastly be forthcoming with explanations about procedures and wound status. When such things are accomplished, clients should feel more empowered and perhaps an improvement will be seen not only physical state, but also the mental and emotional state.ReferencesBeitz, J., & Goldberg, E. (2005). The lived experience of having a chronic wound a phenomenologic study. MEDSURG Nursing, 14(1), 51.Chase, S., Melloni, M., Savage A. (1997). A forever healing The lived experience of venous ulcer disease. Journal of vascular Nursing, 15(2), 73-78.DynaMed. (2008, March 8). Laceration management. Ipswich, MAEBSCO Publishing. Retrieved November 14, 2012, from http//search.ebscohost.com.libaccess.lib.mcmaster.ca/login.aspx?direct=true&db=dme&AN=129892&site=dynamed-live&scope=site. Guralnik, D. B . (1970). Websters New cosmea dictionary of the American language (2d college ed.). New York World Pub. Co.McMaster University School of Nursing, (N.D). Research Designs BScN EIDM Learning Modules. Retrieved from Avenue to Learn. National Guideline Clearinghouse. (2012, July 2). Emergency nursing resource wound preparation. Rockville MD Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.

Bruce Dawe Poem Analysis Essay

Decode the question How has the composer represented the concept of heroism in the film Gladiator? seduce at specific reference to two key scenes in the film. You MUST NOT choose scenes which have been analysed already in the course work (i.e. scenes I-III, XI-XIII, and XXVI). Write more or less 1000 words. Select Two key scenesXXXI -Maximus has defeated the greatest prizefighter ever to excite XLVI The Final BattleCreate a mind mapOrganise ideas, texts & references Summary, presentation of Heroic concept, references to 2 keyed scenes with quotes & notes Draft Do the brief as needed aboveEdit draft Edit as necessarySubmit draft in Final written essayThe EssayMaximus was a powerful Roman General (strong belief, interior(a) strength never dies, stood up for his belief no matter the consequences), loved by the people and the aging Emperor, Marcus Aurelius, known in history as the net of the Five Good Emperors. Before his death, the Emperor chose Maximus to be his heir everyw here his own son, Commodus in an attempt to allow Rome to once more grow a Republic. Then a power struggle left Maximus and his family condemned to death. The powerful General was unable to save his family, and his loss let him captured and put into slavery and apt as a Gladiatorby Proximo until he died. The only desire that fueled him at the time was the chance to rise to the top so that he would be able to look into the eyes of the man who would feel his revenge and fulfill the dying wish of his emperor.The time came when Proximos company was called to Rome to participate in a marathon of gladiator games held at the behest of the new emperor, Commodus. Once in Rome, Maximus wasted no time in fashioning his presence known, and was soon involved in a plot to overthrow the emperor with his former-love Lucilla, Commodus sister, after whom he lusted, and also the widowed mother of Lucius, heir to the pudding stone after his uncle, and democratic-minded senator, Gracchus was reinsta ted for Rome to republic. The composer has set up the representation of the heroism concept (50-60%) through come out the Gladiator film, from the opening scene, when the Hero leaves his pleasant vision (his wife and child) to bear to the Germania struggle field and to show the 1st execution 1st exhort as a gladiator release his name fight against the greatest warrior face Commodus fight in the Final battleAs the opening scene and the above listed 3 scenes where the heroic concept has been discussed in the course work, the responder slew also find the concept of heroism in the fight against the greatest gladiator and in the Final battle.The fight against the greatest gladiatorTigris turns to Caesars box, with makes crossed, he bows, We who are about to die salute you. Maximus stands by, showing no salute whatsoever. As Maximus gets ready to fight the large doors to the pipe bowl are thrown open, surprise Maximus. From each door emerges a team of men, who run into the arena. Each team picks up a chain from the sand. Maximus becomes distracted and Tigris kicks sand into Maximus face and begins the fight. As the fight continues and as Maximus is thrown to the ground, a trap door opens and out jumps a large tiger, pouncing at the fighting gladiators. Maximus is nowhaving to escape the claws of the tigers as he battles Tigris.In the background can be heard loose, loose, loose and pull, pull, pull as the handlers coordinate their efforts in handling each of the tigers that are now on the arena floor growling and charging at Maximus. Maximus manages to disweapon system Tigris, switching his sword from one hand to the other, Maximus stands ready to finish off Tigris. Suddenly, a fourth tiger jumps out of a trap door and jumps at Maximus. In that split second, Maximus turns and the tiger is speared with his sword. Maximus is thrown to the sand as the large beast lays atop him. Maximus stabs the beast repeatedly, sidesplitting it. The crowds cheer wildly. Tigr is moves in for an attack. Maximus, on his back with the beast still on him, manages to grab Tigris own hatchet and with great force spikes him in the foot. Tigris bends over in pain, blood pouring from the opening of his mask. Maximus stands and kicks Tigris over to the ground. He is finished.The Final battleThe trap door to the arena opens as the lift rises, encircled with the pretorial as they stand behind their black shields. In the middle, the white clad Commodus, gazing upwardly, basking in the sun and the wounded, dying Maximus stand. All the while, Quintus staring at Maximus. As they move over the arena, the Praetorian take their place at the perimeter of the arena. Maximus stumbles to the center, slowly stooping to pick up a handful of sand, with a watchful eye on Quintus. Maximus rubs the sand in his hands and reaches for his sword but Quintus tosses it aside, and out of reach. Maximus painfully moves to where the sword has been tossed and picks it up, immediately swingin g at Commodus. The two do battle. Maximus roars as he attacks Commodus. Commodus manages to cut Maximus leg.Although wounded, Maximus cuts Commodus arm causing him to drop his sword. Maximus begins to drift into the after-life and as he sees the gate to his home, the sword drops from his hand. Meanwhile, Commodus is barter Quintus for his sword but Quintus does not comply. Commodus then turns to the Praetorian, calling out sword. The guards begin to pull their swords when Quintus quickly tells them to sheath your swords and they quickly comply. As Commodus reaches for his hidden dagger, Maximus quickly returns to this life and, unarmed but for his strength and determination, does battle with Commodus, turning Commodus knife against him. Commodus tries relentlessly to fightMaximus off but Maximus slowly plunges the knife into Commodus throat, further and further until it can go no further. Commodus falls to the ground. The fight over, Maximus begins to drift as he reaches out his bl oodied hand, to push open the gate that leads to his home. Peace, once again, overcomes Maximus when Quintus calls to him. Maximus, Maximus. Maximus regains consciousness.To bring to life ancient Rome, director Ridley Scott employed great period of time costumes, chariots and horses, lots of dark-haired actors and actresses, and an amazing looking coliseum in the time period set in the movie. The musical score was possibly the best stimulate of this film, as the music is haunting and perfectly punctuates the dramatic action in soft, then ever-increasing tempos. It was a real trick to make music that would accentuate the tactual sensation of this historical piece, and not distract it. The film employ a very potent combination of long shots and close-ups to heighten the drama and yet propel responder into the immensity of the situation the overwhelming doom that seems to be around any and every corner in Rome. For instance, at this scene where Maximus has defeated the greatest gla diator ever to fight, in a long, drawn-out battle. The bested warrior lies fallen at Maximus feet, awaiting his demise. The crowd chants Kill, Kill, Kill The long shot shows Emperor Commodus watching Maximus, and in the shot, the emperor is shown in the foreground, and Maximus appears small in the background. In this way the responder get a sense of the power that Commodus holds over Maximus.Now a medium-long shot of the crowd to get a sense of how many people are chanting for the vanquished opponents death they all appear in unison, willfully they crave blood. beside a close-up of the emperor as he dramatically steps forward, arm extended. If he gives a thumbs up, the opponent should live. If he gives a thumbs-down, the opponent should be killed. His arm hangs outward and all eyes in the coliseum fall upon his hand. He gives the thumbs-down, and the crowd goes wild with roars of approval. Finally, a close-up of Maximus as he throws down his own sword in complete defiance to the em peror and to the people. The skillful editing helps contrast the morals Maximus and Commodus possess Commodus is ruthless and political, Maximus does only what he has to, no more no less, and he is a man of his own conviction. This scene helps responder to understand why earlier the dying emperor Marcus Aurelius wanted Maximus to succeed him, he knew Maximus would do the right thing and not beswayed easily by popular opinion.A leader must lead, not follow. Whenever the composer wanted the responder to get a sense of the size of this coliseum, he employed the cinematographer to use long range shots. When he wanted responder to get a sense of the rob and bustle of Rome, a hand-held camera was used. The Final battle The composer used a number of different techniques during the motion-picture photography of the Final battle, including muted, washed out change in the Coliseum. The scene is bright and colour comes across perfectly, setting the mood for the scene of battle. The fighting is filmed replete with quick cuts and a frenetic filming process its disorienting but not so much that we cant keep track of whos who and what each participant is doing in said battle. The fighting is realistic without zooming in on the gore, as the violence speaks for itself.The composer correctly makes the scenes exciting without the need for a barf bucket.. Combat is supposed to be jarring and disorienting and the filming process actually communicates this sense to the responder very well. The responderd have to agree, as the scenes outstanding in fussy effects. They are seeing the Coliseum when it is a new(100 years old) and its grand structure, as it would have been in ancient Rome. Stunts are well coordinated and real tigers were used in a particular fight scene, grabbing out just inches from Maximus and his opponent. He earned his act on those days of shooting.Sound The soundtrack with its haunting score, is very memorable its scope and theme. Sound track manages to take a main character theme and vary it depending on the action, making it subtle and sweet at times, reflective and depressing at others. Throughout the film, the identical musical elements are applied, bring unity and depth to the story. Besides digital sound, Dolby 5.1 is also included on the same disc

Product Life Cycle of Fads & Trends Essay

Products with short PLCs The products that follow a short PLC are called furors. Fads are fashions that suffer quickly into prevalent view, are adopted with great zeal, peak early & decline fast. Fads do not survive because they do not normally satisfy a beardown(prenominal) need. The marketing winners are those who recognize fads early and leverage them into products with staying power.In this paper, a concise description of short life cycle products is provided. The industries analyzed range from recreation to health foods. The challenges faced by marketers in each industry to build brand equity are analyzed in depth. A study of viridity challenges across categories gives a generic idea of the challenges faced by products with short PLC. The solutions to these challenges are proposed. Fashion the currently accepted or popular style- for the most part what the majority of people follow in clothing, fast food, etc. Fashion cycles may last for some time as they spread beyond th e innovators.Fad cycles are short and do not re-occur fashionable only to certain groups Styles are Fashions / Fads that come back over time and can last a short few months, or a couple of years very common in the clothing industry and house decor. The World of innovations has witnessed many Fads. A brief leap into time reflects the abbreviates of Fads 1960s Bellbottoms, Platform Shoes 1970s Disco Music 1980s Friendship Bracelets, Break Dancing 1990s Napster, Flared Jeans 2000s Health & Energy Drinks, American / Indian Idol Business Sector-wise Distribution of Products with Short PLCHealth Foods Diet foods have a short PLC because they generally come into existence because of the popularity of an individual who propagates health / diet foods. Challenges to Marketers Diet foods may not appeal to the sense of taste of each & every individual. Lack of immediate results leads to exhalation in confidence in the product. Events Gala events & theme parties hosted by celebrities, and media shows are products with short PLC from the perspective of the event organizers. Challenges to Marketers Events are expensive, so they lack consistency. Events are at times just an outcome of snob factor. Remix Albums Albums by DJs and remixes of old songs are not examples of great music or lyrics. They just follow the present trend that is popular among the youth who desire variety and change. Challenges to Marketers

Bay Area Architecture

When talking about calcium architecture one would surely imagine low red-tiled roofs with white stucco arches, but, in fact, Californian architecture is much more complex and diverse. A strong impact on the building up of the neighborhood had Spanish and Mexican occupation that brought in presidios, pueblos, and ranchos. In addition, Victorian tastes were introduced at the arrival of gold-seeking Easterners.In the course of meter other factors influenced the landscape of the Bay area and more and more new styles found their embodiment in this alfresco museum of architecture history . Namely the turn of the twentieth century was marked by Morriss idea concerning prevalence of handmade things over those machine-made and return to the Nature, as closely as bring out principles of the Bauhaus school, which said that beautiful stands for simplex and functional.These trends left over(p) traces on the Californian land in the form of bungalows, one- or two-storied cans with gently pi tched broad gables, one large gable covering the major part of the manse and often a second, lower gable, covering a porch (1). During the first half of the 20th century, m some(prenominal) professionals left their imprint in California in form of amazing collection and mixture of different styles and designs. Among them is by chance the most influential and mysterious architect of the last century Frank Lloyd Wright.Remarkably, that he introduced his own unremarkably known as the Usonian style (named after the United States), which reflected his social ideas the buildings were designed for economical plait and to be energy efficient within their specific climate zone as well as well as shows a dramatic impact of the Japanese culture (open floor plans, flowing interiors with movable harbor partitions, an abundance of natural light, overhanging eaves and shallow pitch roofs, etc. ) (2). The Usonian Style is based on the concept that any architectural project should naturally com bine its functions and stay in harmony with the site of its location.T hitherfore, the Usonian style incorporate some elements of the International style architecture of volume, instantly roofs, etc. but unlike its prototype, the Usonian style utilizes non industrial but natural materials peculiar for each site such as stone and woods outfit (3). In general, the most characteristic features of the Usonian style are Open plan Large overhanging flat roofs, on occasion, low pitched gable roofs were used Concealed front entrances Board and Batten siding Large floor to ceiling windows Brick used as accent material Banding of windowsMoreover, windows had typically respective(prenominal) casements, doors were simple panel and house were non typically painted but for an accent alter (3). notably that the architect experimented not only with shapes and forms of the buildings but also with colors, namely he employed purple (maroon) color and the success of such innovation can b e seen on the example of his Californian exe garnishe chthonic the name of Hanna Honeycomb House. Such name is not accidental but due to the specific construction of the building. The house is patterned after the bee honeycomb and incorporates a number of six- nerved figures.The author himself gave the following comments on his work The dominant feeling was of wonderful, secluded shelter, with the kind of aura I knew in the big old houses of my childishness In view of the fact that no house of my childhood was ever so casually coupled to the outdoors, so profusely fenestrated and skylighted, or so varied in levels and ceiling heights, I was surprised that I was so emotionally familiar with the place. To feel so secure without the dark and gloom of restricting walls, until now I felt free.Not the kind of airiness associated with open, glass walls, which makes me feel as though I index fall out the windows, but a feeling of having space to move around in and somewhere to go. The hexagon has been conservatively treated, however. It is allowed to appear in plan only and in the furniture, which literally rises from the floor slab upon which the whole rests. To me, here is a lead into a new, fascinating realm of formalthough it is somewhat repressed on the side of dignity and repose in this first expression of the idea (432-33).To see the realized Wrights architectural design all you have to do is just to come to Stanford campus. The reason for such location is simple it was designed specially for the Hannas (Paul R. and Jean), a couple of well known Stanford tutors. A first the building was think for two of them only but as the family widens, so did the house, which was quite easy because of its honeycomb design. In general, the Hanna-Honeycomb house is a one-story building with a central wall adjoining the roof (a clerestory) and made of widespread here redwood, San Jose brick, glass and cement.The whole design of the site comprises not only the main house , but also a guesthouse, storage, garage, as well as a garden house with a pool and a plaything artificial waterfall. Though seriously damaged during the earthquake of 1989 Wrights masterpiece was restored and reopened in 1999. Moreover, it is included into the come of National Historic Landmarks and what is more, the American Institute of Architects named it as one of 17 best Frank Lloyd Wrights buildings worth seeing and being preserved as a cultural legacy for next generations.To cut the long story short, the Bay field of operation may be rightfully regarded the best showroom of unlike styles and designs, brought in by Spanish and Mexican invaders first, then left as traces of the gold-seekers, and last but not the least, owing to the fact that Californian marvelous landscapes have always attracted famous and not very architects and designers to audition their knowledge and skills and to cast their names in the form of beautiful buildings which are so numerous in California. One of them is Frank Lloyd Wright whose first trial on the Californian land proved to be successful and hence we can rest our eyes on of his Hanna-Honeycomb house, which is placed among National Historic Landmarks of the United States. Bibliography 1. Bay Area Architecture. Retrieved on December 3, 2005 from http//www. cr. nps. gov/nr/travel/santaclara/bayareaarchitecture.htm 2. Frank Lloyd Wright. Retrieved on December 3, 2005 from http//www. greatbuildings. com/gbc. html 3. The Usonian Style. Retrieved on December 3, 2005 from http//www. arapahoeacres. org/usonian_style. htm 4. hindquarters Sergeant. Frank Lloyd Wrights Usonian Houses The Case for Organic Architecture. New York Watson-Guptill Publications, 1976. ISBN 0-8230-7178-2.

Cultural Differences in Body Language Essay

Do you have a go at it what I am doing? (thumbs up to the side Hitch hiking). When I do this, most of you would think it means good short letter. But in the middle east, for example in Iran, its an insult similar to the middle feel. Good evening Madam Toastmaster, fellow toastmasters and guests, tonight lets look at ashes language in different cultures. Do you agree that gestures can communicate as effectively as words? I agree. Some might argue, it maybe even more than words. However we must be aw are different culture has different body language.Therefore, in our personal and business lives, careful thoughtfulness must be portrayn to whom we are with and where they are from. A question that we might ask is do we expect new(prenominal) cultures to adapt to our customs and protocol, or are we giveing to make an extra hunting expedition to learn more about how they favour to communicate? It wouldnt be the first time that individual who wasnt familiar with the communication customs of another country, found themselves in a rather uneasy situation.Many years ago, President Richard Nixon arrived in a foreign country. Upon his arrival, he stood at the top of the stairs leading from his aircraft door, and overlooked the welcoming crowd gathered below him. He smiled and proudly raised both hands high in the air, palms facing superficial and gave a gesture of his trademark famous cessation sign (as he had done many times before while travelling abroad). However the top of the inning immediately began to jeer and hiss at the President, and he found himself on the receiving end of a unfriendly and rude welcome.Could you imagine how he felt? The reason was because in the country he was visiting, the deuce fingered, palms outward Peace sign, which was pleasing in North America, was an absolutely offensive gesture to the local people in that African country. This would have been the equivalent of a president from another country visiting New Zealand, and w ith a smile, flipped the bird which in their country might have meant greetings. As a member of the audience, how might you fight back?In North America, a simple thumbs up gesture can mean that things are neat or a hitchhiking sign which indicates I need a ride. However, in Greece, this gesture signifies up yours when accompanied with a rapid upward and slower downward motion. The gesture for YES is often thought to be universal, however in India they wobble their liberty chits from side to side to say yes. Correct me if Im equipment casualty my Indian friends. There are also variations in saying no. In Greece they toss their head up.In Japan, they wave their hands in front of their nose like ur gesture for stinky. Or, how about the OK sign where the index finger and the thumb connect to make an O shape and the three remain fingers point up and slightly flare out. Although acceptable in Western culture to signal that things are A-OK, in Russia or Turkey, this gesture can repres ent a sexual insult. specifically an orifice (thats as far as Ill go with that). In China you may see two men walk hand in hand or with an arm around anothers shoulder. This is a sign of friendship. However, the situation is regarded as homosexual in American culture.In some countries much(prenominal) as France or Italy, it is acceptable to exchange a kiss on one or both cheeks while shaking hands when greeting one another. In other countries such as Japan, this lawsuit of behavior is considered impolite as the Japanese are considered to be a non-touch society relative to other cultures. The Japanese have a respectful custom to bow to each other. The most senior stipulation person bows the least and the least status person having to bow first and display the deepest bend from the waist. fear cards are exchanged and read first in a complex formality.This ritual is to retard the seniority, position or rank of everyone in the room first. Then the bowing gesture commences based on the information read. For example, lets say Tony Cooper is the CEO of Mitsubishi Motors in Japan. I am a small department manager from Fonterathe process is So as you can see, it is really important to know your audience. If you are traveling to other countries, you need to be aware that some of the most commonly acceptable gestures at home can have a completely different meaning to someone from abroad.Demonstrating a sound knowledge of the cultural differences in nonverbal communication will get you noticed and others will appreciate that you are both respectful and prepared. Tonight youve learnt as least one thing be careful if you thumb a ride in Greece O Take the time and invest in a little(a) research to become culturally educated. By doing this you will be able to rescue the embarrassment. (i. e. Be careful if you thumb a ride in Greece O) Gain the competitive edge.A little research can go a long way prior to traveling abroad on business. Surely it helps if you are willing t o make an extra effort to learn more about how they prefer to communicate. As the saying goes, In Rome, do like the Romans do. Get to know your audience and their customs. immortalise in business, its about being prepared and establishing rapport quickly. Understanding body language in different culture might be the very thing that tips the scales in your favor and will give you the competitive edge youre looking for.

Youth risk behavior surveillance system

Make you cognize how active teens are? Harmonizing to the selective informations and statistics from the Youth Risk Behavior command System, a sub unit of the National piazza for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, as of 2007, 35.0 per centum of high inform pupils throughout the joined States are presently intimately active, and 47.8 per centum of high school pupils take aim already had sexual inter scat. These Numberss may look big, still in the past twosome of grey-headed ages, they leave unrivalled time once more than begun increasing after umpteen old ages of easy dropping. Surprisingly, the press completeting frame when sexual activity strides had begun increasing is around the clip when abstinence-only plans began be pushed. The Obama disposal has recent cut bud labours on the abstinence-only plans due to these unwanted personal effects. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention s National Center for Health Statistics published informations in Marc h of 2009 saying adolescent birth rates in the United States realize risen for the 2nd yr, as of 2007. Due to this, many critics have begun to knock the split up of the bush-league disposal, which strongly supported the abstinence-only plans. As a consequence, it leads us to the inquiry of whether abstinence plans are truly devising their occupation. All this information points to abstinence-only plans being uneffective and merely supplemented abstinence plans seem to hold a sexually attractive consequence in the public schools in the United States.Abstinence plans day of the month back to the 1980 s, the succession of the Reagan disposal. They were the solutions to many jobs within high schools ( Sexuality Research and social insurance ) . An article in a 1987 newspaper states that Reagan promote the abstention plans because it was the best path to avoid nethertaking AIDS ( Boyd ) . This was in summing up a portion of Reagan s plan in combating AIDS. Reagan said, All t he vaccinums and medicine in the universe wo nt alter unitary basic truth, that bar is break in that remedy, and that s peculiarly true for AIDS, for right now, thither is no recruit ( Hess ) . Furthermore, Reagan believed that it was non the authorities s duty to play a function in educating, but the function of some(prenominal) the school and household. In 1984, the first support for abstention statement was given by the Office of juvenile Pregnancy Program.Harmonizing to Sexuality Research and Social Policy within National Sexuality Resource Center, as of September 2008, at least 1.5 billion dollars have been funded on abstinence-only plans. Abstinence-only plans chiefly focus on the abstaining from belongings sex. It does non advert around subjects within reproduction, particularly contraceptive mode and safe sex. There have been many statements somewhat whether onanism is acceptable as a subject and action under the abstinence-only plans. However, sing the old slang f or onanism is having sex with yourself, it should non be considered a portion of the abstinence-only plans. In 2005, abstinence-only plans were scheduled for usage in schools in communities with the bulk of Hispanics and Blacks. The ground suggested was because these groups are signifi mickletly more sexually active when compared to other groups ( Helman ) . much late, in 2008, 17 or more res publicas had already adopted the abstinence-only path ( OBrien ) .The other option for sexual commission is abstinence-supplemented plans, anyways known as comprehensive sexual instruction. For this type of plan, non merely is abstinence encouraged as a better pick, but the plan besides touches on the topics of contraceptive method acting techniques and sexually familial diseases. In 1990, the opposing statement against comprehensive sex instruction plans stated by the abstention plans leaders is that less than half of the schools give any instructions on how to utilize contraceptive metho d or where to obtain them ( Wilgoren ) . However, this job has been solved now they are making the exact antonym of what they were being accused of. Furthermore, the comprehensive sexual instruction plan has release the sexual instruction plan with the most support. In a magazine published in 2007, 94 per centum of parents believed that the comprehensive attack was the better of the picks ( Stover ) . possibly the most limpid manner to see the effectivity of abstinence-only plans is to compare the plans consequences to those of abstinence-supplemented plans. Texas and atomic number 20 are twain Confederate provinces, but they use different sexual instruction methods the province of Texas adopted the abstinence-only plans, while the province of California decided to utilize the abstinence-supplemented plans ( The Dallas dawn News ) . The consequences are dramatically different.In Texas, the province Torahs have do it compulsory to learn abstinence-only as the preferred optio n. Furthermore, they must pass most of their clip on abstention, and adjudicate that abstinence-only is the solitary manner to hold a hundred per centum bar of sexually transmitted diseases. The reference of sexually transmitted diseases is really limited merely those elect by the board of legal guardians of a school territory can be mentioned as effects ( Wonderful Days ) . As a consequence, Texas has become the province with the most adolescent motherlinesss in the state ( The Dallas Morning News ) .On the other manus, the province of California has demands in schools to learn abstinence-supplemented plans, which teach the facets of both abstention and contraceptive method. In add-on, to a broader compartmentalization of subjects to discourse, the pupils are besides able to easy obtain birth control points, such as rubbers ( The Dallas Morning News ) . Harmonizing to Dr. Mark Horton who is the manager of the California Department of Public Health, the adolescent birth rate in California had reached its lowest point as of May 11, 2009 ( CA Dept of Public Health ) , presenting a grand contrast to the consequences of Texas.From the comparing between the two provinces, it is evident that comprehensive sexual instruction had a better consequence. It has been brought to visible radiation that there may be other manages, such as racial per centum dispute that may do this effectivity difference. However, the bulk of inquiry workers are tilting toward the different plans doing the largest consequence. many another(prenominal) believe that skill teens to be abstentious is idealistic, it is im mathematical in world. Alternatively of working toward an im feasible, it would be more realistic to ca-ca bar of gestations and sexually transmitted diseases compared to foretelling teens from holding sex wholly. Surveies have shown that by senior twelvemonth about two tierces of the category has already had sexual intercourse ( The Dallas Morning News ) . It would be literally impossible to rectify the irrational of so many, so it would be more effectual to discourse both abstention and birth control. In the long tally, those who subscribe to be abstentious leave behind hold the support, but those who select non to wait will hold the right information to forestall themselves from acquiring pregnant or obtaining sexually transmitted diseases.There are statements on how effectivity of abstention plans is really calculated. Some palisade that it is the count of persons holding sexual intercourse others argue that it is the gestation rate. Due to the hardness of mensurating the figure of persons submerse in the universe of sexual intercourse, I will establish this research paper on the figure of gestation rate. This is because the figure of persons holding sexual intercourse and the gestation rates should be linearly increasing. Therefore, the higher(prenominal) the gestation rate means the more persons sing sexual intercourse.Real life i llustrations are non the lone ways to turn out the ineffectualness of abstinence-only plans. Although existent life illustrations demonstrate the consequences of the plans, they do non acquire to the grow of the ineffectualness. Problems and loopholes that the plan is based on may be the account on non merely its effectivity, but besides why many professionals choose non to utilize it. Many well-known and well-respected scientists have focused in on the statement between the two opposing plans. Although there are pros and cons tagged to both plans, the bulk of research workers tend to tilt toward comprehensive sexual instruction being the better of the two.Harmonizing to the reappraisal done by the Committee on Government Reform of the US House of Representatives, 11 out of the 13 course of studies of the abstention plan are based on wrong information ( Stantelli ) . The Accuracy of Condom reading in Three Selected Abstinence-Only Education Curricula research done by Alison Jeanne Lin and John S. Santelli besides confirmed this consequence. The information given in the plans were non needfully false nevertheless, they were distorted and led to misinformation. Other informations are old and have been proven incorrect. This information included deceptive information on contraceptive method effectivity and the effects of abortion. Furthermore, the research workers took misconceptions and stereotypes as facts within their scientific research, doing their research biased and questionable.A survey done by Douglas Kirby showed that abstention plans do non detain the overall age of sexual intercourse ( Sexuality Research and Social Policy ) . One of the few pieces of informations given by abstinence-programs on contraceptive method indicates that rubber expose rates on undertaking HIV is between 10 per centum to 43 per centum, where lab consequences suggest the rate to be 1 per centum or under ( Morse ) . This is a important difference that could do study jobs wh en taught in category. If the pupil does non take abstention, so seeing the high probability of condom failure, they may settle up ones mind to hold unprotected sex. This will ensue in more adolescent gestations and an addition in persons with sexually transmitted diseases.As of 1999, abstention plans claim that adolescent gestation rates had decrease by 17 per centum due to their parts. Many oppositions beg to differ because of the deficiency of grounds. Some have chosen to believe that the existent ground for this bead was due to the addition in usage of contraceptive method ( Morse ) . Furthermore, in Abstinence-Only-Until-Marriage Programs and Their Impact on Adolescent Human Rights written by Rebecca Schleifer and Alice M. Miller, they suggest that abstinence-only plans bumble the human rights of teens, particularly those of doing healthy protective determinations ( Sexuality Research and Social Policy ) .Another issue is that abstention plans do non turn to one of the majo r jobs of teens who choose to hold sexual intercourse. Harmonizing to recent generated research, one of the traits that teens who abstain from sex have is resistance to peer influence ( Healy ) . Peer force per unit cranial orbit and influence is likely one of the largest grounds why teens choose to hold sex. Many teens believe it is in and popular, and if they do non make it they will be out of the norm. However, abstention plans non turn toing this issue may be another cause of its ineffectualness.In add-on to the many grounds already stated, the apparatus of the plan besides contributes to the effectivity. The most commonly school-used abstention plan, titled Self Respect, does non hold a follow-up plan ( Elmer-DeWitt ) . formerly the category is over, the pupils return to the existent universe, being enticed by the many weaving waies the society has created. This increased opportunity of being led astray shows how indispensable follow-up plans are. Without them, teens will ev idently travel down the incorrect way.Students seeing how unorganised the abstention plan is one of the chief grounds lending to the failure of the plan. Students will be able to see how undependable the statistics are and how many research workers have disapproved of the plans. This will do them to oppugn the dependability of the plans. When they see another pick, particularly a more appealing one, they will choose out of abstention plans and lief embrace the other pick. For many high school pupils and teens, this other pick is holding a sexual spouse, one who they can hold sex with and trust on. To them, this pick is so much more attractive, and it is besides more pleasing to the teens ramping endocrines.On the other manus, comprehensive sexual instruction satisfies the sexual thirst of teens. It addresses the physical demands of teens as a fact and Tells teens that there is nil incorrect with the manner they are experiencing. Furthermore, it treats the teens like a friend and st eer them along. In comparing to the stiff limitations of the abstention plans, this is a much better pick to learn teens the sex cognition that they need.Unless abstention plans can go more organized, and so, derive the regard and support of research workers, teens will non likely travel for this type of plan. Merely with reorganising and reconstituting the livelong plan, it might be possible to convert teens to get down to take abstention over sex. however holding said this, it will still take a long clip before teens choose abstention merely because of the past feelings this plan has given.As stated earlier, President Obama has late decided to cut the budgets on abstinence-only undertakings. This was one of the first things that he has chosen to make in his first twelvemonth of presidential term. The authorities did non randomly choose to cut budgets merely because of the economic depression. There are many possible grounds that have been brought to the public position, and the strongest ground being the plan s ineffectualness, and the authorities has presented three possible statements back uping this affair.The most basic ground given by The American Public Health sleeper and U.S. Institute of Medicine to the Congress in 2008, states that scientific surveies have non found that abstinence-only learning plants to cut gestations or sexually transmitted diseases ( Allen ) . It is obvious that if schools do non learn teens contraceptive method techniques, they will non cognize how to forestall gestations. As mentioned above, many pupils will non take abstention because of its instability. Therefore, the end now is to learn them besides about safe sex to farther prevent a uninterrupted addition in adolescent gestation rates and the figure of people with sexually transmitted diseases. Therefore, the authorities is taking comprehensive sexual instruction to be the better pick.Recently, as the authorities cuts back on abstention plans, a new societal group is t aking up the occupation spiritual groups. Abstinence plans have a part of their damage in Scripture, and to some extent, the plan really reworded Scripture as its learning stuff ( Elmer-DeWitt ) . It is no amazement that faith, more specifically Christianity can increase the effectivity and efficiency of the abstention plans, particularly when 78.5 per centum of the American community are Christians. In add-on, most faiths support the thought of sex after matrimony, which encourages the same thoughts as the abstention plans. Due to this, trusters in these faiths would more easy accept the intent of the abstention plan.Now, the authorities has given up abstinence-only plans for plans with a brighter hereafter. They now want to patronize abstinence-supplemented plans that are specially adjusted to learn information that is meet for teens ( Allen ) . They have now given the abstinence-only plans over to the spiritual groups. These groups have the resources and the correct background to force for the abstinence-only motion. Hopefully, under the right environment, abstinence-only plans may besides boom and make their occupation. From Angus McQuilken s point of position, it is non difficult, the job here is non the abstention, it s the lone ( Helman ) .A pessimistic research worker from Sexuality Research and Social Policy said, We want people to cognize that abstinence-only instruction does nt work ( Sexuality Research and Social Policy ) . Overall, we can non state that abstinence-only plans are wholly uneffective. They have their pros that can ensue in a immense beat frontward in sexual instruction with the aid and addendum of other plans or spiritual groups. In a sense, abstinence-only plans are like badly-oiled machines, or like electronics without electricity. They are good established, but the job is, without the overplus oil or electricity, they can non run swimmingly or expeditiously. Likewise, without the supplemented informations, abstinence-only pl ans can non make their full potency. one time the plan is tweaked and reorganized, it may non merely make its possible, but besides excel more than either of the constituents. Many teens have spoken out on this affair. The girl of vice-presidential campaigner Sarah Palin, Bristol Palin has spoken out to teens across the state to believe before they do it. Furthermore, teens have mentioned that some of the information required to help them to do good sexual determinations are non taught in wellness category. Fifteen-year-old Mildred says, We get sex-ed categories in school and that should be where teens get the right information, but that is nt go oning ( OBrien ) . The reply has been in forepart of our eyes all along, so chase clip when another adolescent becomes pregnant or contracts a sexually familial disease, do nt break them, fault the sexual instruction plans.

Changing social structure and mobility Essay

Rural gild The village is the oldest stable community of man. All early communities were elementary ally rural in character. Bogardus says, Human hunting lodge has been cradled in the rural group. The rural community is simply means a community that consists of batch living in a limited physical area and who have common interests and common ship canal of satisfying them. Each high decree consists of different parts, such as individuals, groups, institutions, associations, and communities. The simplest analogy single can recall of at this point is that of an organism that has different components perishing together as a whole.Society is a outline like any other system, such as the solar system. The major features of rural society are 1. Small size of village community, 2. Intimate relations, 3. Jajmani System, 4. Isolation, 5. Social homogeneity, 6. Informal Social Control, 7. Dominance of spliff Family, 8. Status of Rural Women, 9. Occupation, 10. Role of neighborhood, 11. Faith in religion, 12. Self Sufficiency, 13. Widespread caste system, 14. Simplicity, 15. Feelings, 16. Fellow feelings, 17. Conservatism, 18. reflexion of moral norms, 19. P everywherety, 20. Illiteracy, 21.Desire for Independence, 22. Dominance of primary relations, 23. Social Homogeneity, 24. Occupations, 25. Preservers of the Ancient culture of the society, 26. Legal Self Government, 27. variety show in the Villages. Urban Society As a result of development in science and technology, in that respect has been industrial development. Due to industrial development there is urbanization as a result of which urban societies created. Every country has its own urban society. Every village possesses some elements of the city while any city carries some feature of the villages.Different criteria are used to decide a community as urban. Some of them are, for example, population, levelheaded limits, types of occupations, social organizations. The city in the words of Louis wirth r efers to a relatively large, dense and permanent settlement of socially heterogeneous individuals. The Major Features of Urban Society are 1. Social Heterogeneity, 2. secondhand Relations, 3. Anonymity, 4. Secondary Control, 5. Large-scale Division of Labour and Specialization, 6. Large-scale social mobility, 7. Individuation, 8. Voluntary Association, 9. Social Reference, 10.Unstable Family, 11. Special Segregation, 12. overlook of community feeling, 13. Lack of unity in family, 14. Moral Laxity, 15. Unbalanced personality, 16. High incidence of crime, 17. Social disorganization, 18. Peculiarities of marital life, 19. Dynamic life, 20. Voluntary associations are formed quickly, 21. Artificial life. Forms of mutation in India Unity implies oneness or a sense of we-ness it holds tightly together the various relationships of ethnic groups or institutions in a dovetailed way through the bonds of contrived structures, norms and values.The sources of diversity in India whitethorn b e traced through a variety of ways, the close to obvious being the ethnic origins, religions, castes, tribes, lyric poems, social customs, cultural and sub cultural beliefs, political philosophies and ideologies, geographical variations etcetera A. Linguistic diversity The high degree of large diversity found in India is due to the origination of diverse population groups. The greatest variety in languages can be found in the one of the biggest democracies in the earthly concern. Most of these languages are distinct and have their own distinct form of writing and speech.The mental lexicon defines Diversity, as variety or different. Languages are defined as a system of unconditional vocal symbols used for human communication. In India, the tribal communities are dinkyest in geographical spread and in population strength. They cover only 8. 8% (1991census) of the Indian population. Not only we should consider linguistic diversity as a resource of human kind but also should conc eive both the exacerbate in the number of languages and the emerging trend in having mono linguistic dominance over small languages as a threat to our plural existence.It is to be accepted that even in the very ecologic sense, like bio-diversity, linguistic diversity should also need to maintain. Post-Independence Period After India obtained its independence, policies had to be formulated for the brass section of the newly born nation. While forming the constitution of India, the leaders of the nation had to come up with a field of study language. They decided on Hindi as the national language and the use of English for official purposes. The bring out situation though the situation has improved from the early fifties, there has not been a significant development.India however faces the problems due to the diversity in languages. One of the foremost problems is the lack of a unified language system. Though a national language was chosen among the 114 officially recognized lang uages and 216 (Census of 1991) mother tongues in India, only 28% of the populations speak this language. People in India have a sense of belonging to a particular language speaking community rather that the nation as a whole. B. Religious diversity Religion is a major concern of man. Religion is universal, permanent, pervasive and perennial interests of man. The institution of religion is universal.It is found in all the societies, past and present. Religious beliefs and practices are, however, far from being uniform. Religious dogmas have make up ones mindd and conditioned economic endeavors, political movements, correctly dealings, and developmental tasks. The major religions in India are following Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Jainism, Christianity, Islam, Parsi, The basic ideas and faith of the each religion differs. solely they co existently stood in Indian society. The preamble of the Constitution of India proclaims India to be a secular republic where citizens may take ove rly worship and propagate any religion of their choice.The right to freedom of religion is also stated as a fundamental right by the Constitution of India. Indian religions have exerted significant influence all over the world. PART II FAMILY, MARRIAGE AND KINSHIP Family in Indian Society The family is the basic unit of society. It is the first and the most immediate social environment to which a child is exposed. It is in the family a child learns language, the behavioral Patterns and social norms in his childhood. In some way or the other the family is a universal group. It exists in tribal, rural and urban communities and among the followers of all religions and cultures.It provides the most enduring relationship in one form or other. From the moment of birth to the moment of death the family exerts a constant influence. In spite of the universal and permanent nature of the family one can also see vast oddment in its structure in different societies. In tribal and agrarian soci eties people of several generations sustain together. These societies have large and joint families. In the industrial society the family is limited to husband, wife and their children. Sociologist calls it a nuclear family. The family is formed with number of members.These members live together. They have a home. They have definite purposes in living together. In this sense the family in a group. There is certain rules and procedures at the roots of the family. In this sense the family in an institution. Factors abnormal the family A) The consanguine Family declines The consanguineous or joint family tended to disappear especially in the western world and conjugal or nuclear family has become predominant with the increasing urbanization and industrialization people are less subject to Parental control which lessens social control.Women have attained a new legal status in which there is less discrimination between them and men. B). Increasing Rate of part Divorce is the most obvi ous symptom of family disintegration. Economic freedom, new life style, new idealities together creates an idea of free life. The traditional joint family system in India has under gone vast changes. They have definitely affected its structure and functions. Milton singer has identified most there are Education, Industrialization, Urbanization, changes in the institution of marriage. C. Influence of educationModern education affected joint family in several ways. It has brought about a change in the attitude, beliefs, values and ideologies of the people. Education which is spreading even amongst the females has created and aroused the individualistic feelings. The increasing education not only brings changes in the philosophy of life of men and women, but also provides new opportunities of employment to the women. After fit economically independent, women demand more freedom in family affairs. They refuse to accept anybodys domination over them. Education in this way brings changes in relations in the family.D. Impact of Industrialization New system of production based on factory and new joint families have disintegrated considerably. 2. The impact of Economic and proficient changes Industrial development and application of new advanced techniques reduced the economic functions of family. The technological changes took both the work and workers out of the home. E. Changes in the puzzle of women The chief factor causing changes in the position of women in our society lie in her changing economic role. New economic rule provided a new position in society and especially in their relation to men.